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In - Indium

Atomic Number: 49 Period Number: 5 Group Number: 13

Indium is a rare, soft and silvery metal. It has similar characteristics as Gallium. Most of Indium is discovered in Zinc ores and there is few free indium in nature. There are just two isotopes of indium in nature - ¹¹³In and ¹¹⁵In. ¹¹³In is very stable and ¹¹⁵In is radioactive, decaying to ¹¹⁵Sn with half-life of 4.41 ×10¹⁴years.

Indium is widely used in semiconductor industry, such as products, chips, transistors and electronic appliances. Over 50% of Indium consumption goes into the market of making liquid crystal displays. Because indium Tin oxide( ITO) is the key elements in making LCD monitors. LCDs also find extensive use in GPS receivers, cameras, PDAs, answering machines and other various setups. Another 15% og indium goes in making electrical components, such as Infrared detectors, high speed transistors and photovoltaic devices. Coatings of glass is also an important usage of Indium.

ITO is the most important compound of Indium. It is a stable ceramic-like material, insoluble in water and volatizes at 850 degrees Celsius. ITO's main feature is the combination of electrical conductivity and optical transparency. Thin films of ITO are most commonly deposited on surfaces by electron beam evaporation, physical vapor deposition or a range of sputtering deposition techniques.

Physical and Chemical properties:

Atomic Weight: 114.818

Melting Point: 429.75 K

Boiling Point: 2345 K

Density: 7.31 g/cm³

Phase at Room Temperature: Solid

Ionization Energy: 5.786 eV

Oxidation State: +3

Indium is widely used in semiconductor industry, such as products, chips ,transistors and electronic appliances. Over 50% of Indium consumption goes into the market of making liquid crystal displays. Because indium Tin oxide( ITO) is the key elements in making LCD monitors. LCDs also find extensive use in GPS receivers, cameras, PDAs, answering machines and other various setups. Another 15% og indium goes in making electrical components, such